Gut microbiota as a target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: potential mechanisms and therapy strategies / 药学学报

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to patient deaths worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex and mortality rates are increasing every year. Numerous researches have shown that the gut microbiota and its metabolites were closely associated with the development of CVD, and gut microbiota was expected to be a potential new target for the treatment of CVD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), characterized by its multi-component, multi-target and integrity, can play a therapeutic role in CVD by regulating the gut microbiota, which has obvious advantages in stabilizing the disease, improving heart function and enhancing quality of life, and is an ideal intestinal microecological regulator. Therefore, this review will mainly discuss the intimate association of gut microbiota and its metabolites with CVD, and the therapeutic strategies of TCM targeting gut microbiota to improve CVD, including regulating the composition of gut microbiota, protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier, influencing the intestinal immune function and modulating the metabolites of gut microbiota, in order to provide a reference for the research of TCM targeting gut microbiota for CVD.

Identification and preservation of arm lymphatics in axillary lymph node dissection to prevent arm lymphedema: a single center randomized controlled trial / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of identification and preservation of arm lymphatics (DEPART) in axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer to prevent arm lymphedema. Methods: A randomized controlled study method was used. Two hundred and sixty-five patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from November 2017 to June 2018 were included, and the patients were randomly divided into ALND+ DEPART group (132 patients) and standard ALND group (133 patients) by random number table method. In the ALND+ DEPART group, indocyanine green and methylene blue were injected as tracers before surgery, and the arm sentinel nodes was visualized by staged tracing during intraoperative dissection of axillary lymph nodes. Partial frozen sections were made of arm lymph nodes >1 cm in length and hard and suspicious of metastasis, and arm lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels were selectively preserved. Patients in the standard ALND group underwent standard ALND. Objective and subjective indexes of arm lymphedema were evaluated by 5-point circumference measurement and Norman questionnaire. Results: Among 132 breast cancer patients in the ALND+ DEPART group, 121 (91.7%) completed DEPART. There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, pathological type, dissection number of axillary lymph node, N stage, TNM stage, molecular typing, and regional radiotherapy between the ALND+ DEPART and standard ALND groups (P>0.05). At a median follow-up of 24 months, assessment by the 5-point circumference measurement showed that the incidence rates of lymphedema in the ALND+ DEPART and standard ALND groups were 5.0% (6/121) and 15.8% (21/133), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P=0.005). Assessment by the Norman questionnaire showed that the incidence rates of lymphedema in the ALND+ DEPART and standard ALND groups were 5.8% (7/121) and 21.8% (29/133), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). No local regional recurrence was observed in either group during the follow-up period. Conclusion: For breast cancer patients with positive axillary lymph nodes, the administration of DEPART during ALND can reduce or avoid the occurrence of arm lymphedema without compromising oncology safety.

Comparative study on short and long-term intervention impacts of six Chinese herbs with cold or heat property on lipid and energy metabolism in mice / 中国中药杂志

This study selected three typical Chinese herbs with cold property(Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, and Coptidis Rhizoma) and another three with heat property(Cinnamomi Cortex, Zingiberris Rhizoma, and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) to observe their regulatory effects on metabolism in animal organism, especially on lipid and energy metabolism in mice after a short-(7 d) and long-term(35 d) intervention. The mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism genes in epididymal adipose tissue and liver were determined by real-time PCR. The oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and energy consumption were detected by metabolic system. After the short-term intervention, the Chinese herbs with heat property significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue index and elevated the expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC), lipoprotein lipase(LPL), and carnitine-palmityl transferase 1(CPT-1) in liver and epididymal adipose tissues. However, those with cold property promoted the expression of above-mentioned genes in epididymal adipose tissue. After the long-term intervention, cold and heat Chinese herbs had no significant effect on epididymal adipose tissue index of animals, while cold Chinese herbs could increase carbon dioxide production and energy consumption and reduce activity. These findings demonstrated that the short-term intervention effects of cold and heat Chinese herbs on animal metabolism were significantly stronger than the long-term intervention effects. Specifically, the short-term intervention with cold Chinese herbs enhanced the lipid metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue, while the heat Chinese herbs promoted lipid metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue and liver. The long-term intervention with cold and heat Chinese herbs resulted in no obvious change in lipid level, but long-term intervention with cold Chinese herbs accelerated energy consumption of the body. This study preliminarily observed the effects of cold and heat Chinese herbs on normal animal physiology from lipid and energy metabolism, which would provide reference for explaining the biological basis of Chinese herbs with cold or heat property based on biological response.

Microneedles in diagnosis and treatment: a review / 生物工程学报

Microneedles have been developed rapidly in the field of transdermal administration in the past few decades. In recent years, the development of microelectronics technology has expanded the applications of microneedles by combining with microelectronic systems, especially in biological diagnosis and treatment. Different types of microneedles have been designed to extract blood and tissue fluids for detection, or as electrodes to directly detect blood sugar, melanoma and pH in real-time in vivo, both show good prospects for real-time detection applications. In this paper, we review the design of materials and structure of microelectronic-based microneedles, and discuss their advances in biological diagnosis.

Application value of intraoperative neuromonitoring plus "classification of EBSLN" to protect the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the application efficacy of the "classification of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN)" combined with intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in the dissection of EBSLN for protecting the nerve from injuery, compared with ligation of branches of the superior thyroid vessels without attempts to visually identify the nerve. Methods: A prospective randomized controled study was performed in our center. Patients subjected to thyroidectomy from January 2017 to June 2019 were randomly divided into 2 groups, patients in experimental group underwent thyroidectomy and "classification of EBSLN" with IONM to dissect EBSLN, and patients in control group received synchronous surgery without attempts to visually identify the nerve. The anatomical subtypes of EBSLN in experimental group were recorded. The voice handicap index 10 (VHI-10) score was evaluated and the movement of bilateral vocal cords was examined by laryngoscope before surgery, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, respectively. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the 1 377 EBSLN from 827 patients (317 males and 510 females, aged 24-58 years old), 691 EBSLNs in experimental group and 686 EBSLNs in control group. Totally 98.3% of EBSLNs in experimental group were identified by IONM including 16.4% (113/691) for type Ⅰ, 21.3% (147/691) for type Ⅱa, 31.4% (217/691) for type Ⅱb, 10.4% (72/691) for type Ⅲa, 3.9% (27/691) for type Ⅲb, 16.6% (115/691) for type Ⅲc. There was no statistical significance difference in baseline data between 2 groups (all P>0.05). All patients were followed up for more than 6 months. The postoperative nerve injury rate of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (1.2% vs. 7.5%, χ²=12.659, P<0.001), and the VHI-10 scores and laryngoscope results of experimental group were better than those of control group in three follow-up visits (P<0.001). With postoperative laryngoscope examination, 3 patients in the experimental group and 23 patients in the control group showed vocal cord relaxation, bilateral oblique asymmetry and other phenomena, which were considered as the results of permanent injury. Other patients with symptoms were relieved to varying degrees during the follow-up, and their symptoms were considered as the results of temporary injury. Conclusion: IONM combined with "classification of EBSLN" can reduce significantly the risk of EBSLN injury in thyroidectomy, which is better than direct ligation of branches without attempts to visually identify the nerve.

Parathyroid hormone assay with eluent of aspirated tissues in parathyroidectomy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the values of intraoperative fine-needle aspiration (IFNA) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) detection in the eluate of aspirated tissue during parathyroidectomy. Methods: Fifty-four patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) including 24 males and 30 females, aged 20-83 years, admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2019 to October 2019, were included. All patients received subtotal parathyroidectomy with autologous transplantation, during surgery, IFNA and PTH detection in the eluate of aspirated tissue were performed, and also routine postoperative pathological examination was performed. The results of PTH detection in the eluate of aspirated tissue and postoperative pathological examinations were compared and analyzed by SPSS and R software for evaluating of the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, misdiagnosis rate, missed diagnosis and accuracy. Results: Surgery was completed successfully in all patients. After surgery, the symptoms were improved in the patients except two who were asymptomatic. None had any serious postoperative complications such as hypocalcaemia or hoarseness. A total of 231 aspirated tissue samples were tested, of which 216 were identified as parathyroid and 15 non-parathyroid based on intraoperative PTH detection in tissue eluate; while 217 were confirmed as parathyroid tissues and 14 non-parathyroid tissues with postoperative pathological examinations. The specificity and sensitivity of intraoperative IFNA and PTH detection in tissue eluate for identifying parathyroid tissues were 99.5% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The IFNA and PTH detection in tissue eluate is a rapid, simple, and accurate procedure, which helps the surgeon to identify parathyroid tissue and to ensure the endocrine activity of preserved or autografted parathyroid tissue during parathyroidectomy.

Identification of 5-methylcytosine-related signature for predicting prognosis in ovarian cancer

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies often resulting in a poor prognosis. 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a common epigenetic modification with roles in eukaryotes. However, the expression and function of m5C regulatory factors in ovarian cancer remained unclear. RESULTS: Two molecular subtypes with different prognostic and clinicopathological features were identified based on m5C regulatory factors. Meanwhile, functional annotation showed that in the two subtypes, 452 differentially expressed genes were significantly related to the malignant progression of ovarian cancer. Subsequently, four m5C genes were screened to construct a risk marker predictive of overall survival and indicative of clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer, also the robustness of the risk marker was verified in external dataset and internal validation set. multifactorial cox regression analysis and nomogram demonstrated that risk score was an independent prognostic factor for ovarian cancer prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results revealed that m5C-related genes play a critical role in tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Further detection of m5C methylation could provide a novel targeted therapy for treating ovarian cancer.

Preliminary clinical efficacy of iodine-125 seed implantation for the treatment of advanced malignant lung tumors

Aims: This study aims to observe the preliminary clinical efficacy of percutaneous interstitial brachytherapy using iodine-125 seeds for the treatment of advanced malignant lung tumors. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 24 patients in our hospital with advanced malignant lung tumors between June 2013 and November 2017. Computed tomography (CT)-guided iodine-125 seed implantation therapy was administered to these patients. All patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by CT. Results: Among the 24 patients, the objective response rates at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure were 50.0%, 50.0%, and 33.3%, respectively. Recent occurrence of adverse reactions were observed, including four cases of pneumothorax, three cases of hemoptysis, and two cases of particle displacement. Conclusions: CT-guided percutaneous interstitial brachytherapy with iodine-125 seeds can be used for the treatment of lung malignant tumors. Its clinical curative effect is remarkable and it results in limited trauma, reducing the incidence of adverse reactions and improving patient quality of life

Investigation of modulating effect of Qingfei Paidu Decoction on host metabolism and gut microbiome in rats / 中国中药杂志

This study is to explore the effect of Qingfei Paidu Decoction(QPD) on the host metabolism and gut microbiome of rats with metabolomics and 16 S rDNA sequencing. Based on 16 S rDNA sequencing of gut microbiome and metabolomics(GC-MS and LC-MS/MS), we systematically studied the serum metabolites profile and gut microbiota composition of rats treated with QPD for continued 5 days by oral gavage. A total of 23 and 43 differential metabolites were identified based on QPD with GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The involved metabolic pathways of these differential metabolites included glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, TCA cycle and pyruvate metabolism. Meanwhile, we found that QPD significantly regulated the composition of gut microbiota in rats, such as enriched Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and decreased norank_f_Lachnospiraceae. Our current study indicated that short-term intervention of QPD could significantly regulate the host metabolism and gut microbiota composition of rats dose-dependently, suggesting that the clinical efficacy of QPD may be related with the regulation on host metabolism and gut microbiome.

Metabolomics and its application in the treatment of coronary heart disease with traditional Chinese medicine / 中国天然药物

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the treasure of Chinese Nation and gained the gradual acceptance of the international community. However, the methods and theories of TCM understanding of diseases are lack of appropriate modern scientific characterization systems. Moreover, traditional risk factors cannot promote to detection and prevent those patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who have not developed acute myocardial infarction (MI) in time. To sum up, there is still no objective systematic evaluation system for the therapeutic mechanism of TCM in the prevention and cure of cardiovascular disease. Thus, new ideas and technologies are needed. The development of omics technology, especially metabolomics, can be used to predict the level of metabolites in vivo and diagnose the physiological state of the body in time to guide the corresponding intervention. In particular, metabolomics is also a very powerful tool to promote the modernization of TCM and the development of TCM in personalized medicine. This article summarized the application of metabolomics in the early diagnosis, the discovery of biomarkers and the treatment of TCM in CAD.

Research progress on Wnt3 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to non-syndromic cleft lip and palate / 医学研究生学报

Non-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital disease worldwide, and its etiology is related to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although genome-wide association analysis did not involve Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Wnt genes, it has been reported that SNPs in Wnt genes are related to NSCL/P, and the study of SNPs of Wnt genes and its corresponding phenotypic effect is helpful to explain the etiological mechanism of NSCL/P. In recent years, Wnt3 gene related to NSCL/P, rs142167, rs3809857, rs9890413 and other teratopoietic single nucleotide loci are the main teratopoietic single nucleotide loci studied most, and the research conclusions on the correlation between Wnt3 gene polymorphism and NSCL/P are obviously different in different populations. This paper reviews the research progress on the correlation between Wnt3 gene polymorphism and NSCL/P.

Efficacy of two bariatric surgeries in type 2 diabetic patients with a body mass index of 25-27.5 / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADJB-SG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a low body mass index (BMI) of 25-27.5.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one type 2 diabetic patients with a BMI of 25-27.5 underwent bariatric surgeries in the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command between August, 2013 and August, 2015. The patients receiving LRYGB (17 cases) and SADJB-SG (14 cases) were compared for physical indexes, glucose metabolism and of pancreatic islet function at 1 year after the surgeries.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No mortality occurred in the patients after the operations. At 1 year after the operation, the patients in LRYGB group showed significant improvements in body weight, BMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test 2 h (OGTT2h), C-peptide, fasting insulin (FINS), and postprandial 2 hour insulin (2 hPINS) (P<0.05); in SADJB-SG group, significant improvements were observed in the body weigh, BMI, HbA1c, FPG, OGTT2h, and FINS after the operation (P<0.05). The postoperative improvements in body weigh, BMI, HbA1c, FPG, OGTT2h, C-peptide, and 2hPINS were comparable between SADJB-SG group and LRYGB group (P>0.05), but the incidence of postoperative anastomotic ulcer was lower in SADJB-SG group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SADJB-SG and LRYGB produce similar therapeutic effects in type 2 diabetic patients with a low BMI, but SADJB-SG is associated with a low incidence of postoperative complications and is therefore more suitable in such patients.</p>

Isolation and identification of xanthones from Gentianella acuta / 中国中药杂志

Twelve xanthones compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Gentianella acuta by means of reversed-phase preparative HPLC and various kinds of column chromatography including silica gel and ODS . Their structures were fully elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D-NMR data. The structures of xanthones were identified as 1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), swertiapuniside (2), 1, 3, 8- trihydroxy -4, 5-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(6→1)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 1, 2, 8-trihydroxy-5, 6-dimethoxyxanthone-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 1, 3, 7, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 1, 3, 5, 8-tetrahydroxy-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroxanthone (6), 1, 3, 5-thihydroxyxanthone (7),1, 3, 5, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (8), 1, 2, 8-trihydroxy-5, 6-dimethoxyxanthone (9), bellidifolin (10), mangiferin (11), swertianolin (12). Compounds 1-9 were isolated from Gentianella genus for the first time.

Elevated plasma D-dimer and hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels may indicate aortic disorders / Níveis plasmáticos elevados do dímero D e da proteína C reativa hipersensíveis podem indicar desordens aórticas

OBJECTIVE: D-dimer and C-reactive protein are of diagnostic and predictive values in patients have thrombotic tendency, such as vascular thrombosis, coronary artery disease and aortic dissection. However, the comparative study in these biomarkers between the patients with acute aortic dissection and coronary artery disease has not been sufficiently elucidated. METHODS: Consecutive surgical patients for acute type A aortic dissection (20 patients), aortic aneurysm (nine patients) or coronary artery disease (20 patients) were selected into this study. Plasma from preoperative blood samples and supernatant of aortic homogenate of the surgical specimens were detected for D-dimer and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS: Plasma D-dimer and hs-CRP values in type A aortic dissection or aortic aneurysm were much higher than in coronary artery disease patients or the healthy control (for D-dimer, aortic dissection: coronary artery disease, 0.4344 ± 0.2958 µg/ml vs. 0.0512 ± 0.0845 µg/ml, P < 0.0001; aortic dissection: healthy control, 0.4344 ± 0.2958 µg/ml vs. 0.1250 ± 0.1295 µg/ml, P = 0.0005; aortic aneurysm: coronary artery disease, 0.4200 ± 0.4039 µg/ml vs. 0.0512 ± 0.0845 µg/ml, P = 0.0013; and aortic aneurysm: healthy control, 0.4200 ± 0.4039 µg/ml vs. 0.1250 ± 0.1295 µg/ml, P = 0.0068; and for hs-CRP, aortic dissection: coronary artery disease, 4.400± 3.004 mg/L vs. 1.232±0.601 mg/L, P < 0.0001; aortic dissection:healthy control, 4.400 ± 3.004 mg/L vs. 0.790 ± 0.423 mg/L, P < 0.0001; aortic aneurysm: coronary artery disease, 2.314 ± 1.399 mg/L vs. 1.232 ± 0.601 mg/L, P = 0.0084; aortic aneurysm: healthy control, 2.314 ± 1.399 mg/L vs. 0.790 ± 0.423 mg/L, P = 0.0002; and coronary artery disease: healthy control, 1.232 ± 0.601 mg/L vs. 0.790 ± 0.423 mg/L, P = 0.0113). Besides, there were close correlations between plasma D-dimer and hs-CRP in overall (Y = 4.8798X + 0.8138, r² = 0.4497, r = 0.671, P < 0.001), aortic dissection ...

OBJETIVO: D-dímero e proteína C reativa são de valores de diagnóstico e preditivo em pacientes com tendência trombótica, como a trombose vascular, doença arterial coronária e dissecção aórtica. No entanto, o estudo comparativo desses biomarcadores entre os pacientes com dissecção aguda da aorta e doença arterial coronariana não foi suficientemente esclarecido. MÉTODOS: Pacientes cirúrgicos consecutivos foram selecionados para este estudo por tipo de dissecção aguda aórtica (20 pacientes), aneurisma da aorta (9 pacientes) ou doença arterial coronária (20 pacientes). O plasma a partir de amostras de sangue no pré-operatório e sobrenadante de homogenato de aorta dos espécimes cirúrgicos foi detectado para o D-dímero e proteína C reativa hipersensível. RESULTADOS: Os valores do plasma de D-dímero e proteína-C reativa em dissecção aórtica tipo A ou aneurisma da aorta foram muito superiores em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana ou de controles saudáveis (pelo D-dímero, dissecção aórtica: doença arterial coronariana, 0,4344 ± 0,2958 µg/ml vs 0,0512 ± 0,0845 µg/ml, P <0,0001; dissecção aórtica: controle saudável, 0,4344 ± 0,2958 µg/ml vs 0,1250 ± 0,1295 µg/ml, P = 0,0005; aneurisma da aorta: doença arterial coronariana, 0,4200 ± 0,4039 µg/ml vs 0,0512 ± 0,0845 µg/ml, P = 0,0013; e aneurisma de aorta: controle saudável, 0,4200 ± 0,4039 µg/ml vs. 0,1250 ± 0,1295 µg/ml, P = 0,0068 e para a hs-CRP, dissecção aórtica: doença arterial coronariana, 4,400 ± 3,004 mg/L vs. 1,232 ± 0,601 mg/L, P <0,0001; dissecção aórtica: grupo controle saudável, 4,400 ± 3,004 mg/L vs 0,790 ± 0,423 mg/L, P <0,0001; aneurisma da aorta: doença arterial coronariana, 2,314 ± 1,399 mg/L vs. 1,232 ± 0,601 mg/L, P = 0,0084; aneurisma da aorta: grupo controle saudável, 2,314 ± 1,399 mg/L vs. 0,790 ± 0,423 mg/L, P = 0,0002; e doença arterial coronariana: grupo controle saudável, 1,232 ± 0,601 mg/L versus 0,790 ± 0,423 mg/L, P = 0,0113). Além disso, houve correlações próximas ...

Effect of protecting parathyroid in situ in the operation of total thyroidectomy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of protecting parathyroid glands in situ in the operation of total thyroidectomy by detecting parathyroid hormone after the operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the surgical team, 1019 consecutive patients with thyroid diseases were treated with total thyroidectomy. During the operation, parathyroid glands were protected in situ with correctly identifying the parathyroid glands, precisely dissecting its envelope and protecting its blood supply. Serum calcium level and parathyroid hormone were measured before and 24 hours after operation. The patients who had symptomatic hypocalcemia or hypoparathyroidism were given supportive treatment and followed-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At least one of the parathyroid glands was preserved and remained in situ in all cases. Eighty-nine cases (8.7%) had decreased parathyroid hormone levels and 42 cases (4.1%) had complicated symptomatic hypocalcemia. The symptoms of hypocalcemia in all these cases could be controlled by supportive treatment, and serum calcium level and parathyroid hormone had all recovered 1 - 6 months later. If 3 and 4 parathyroid were conserved in situ, the postoperative complication rate was significantly lower than those with 1 and 2 parathyroid conserved (decreased PTH 69/999 vs 20/20, symptoms of hypocalcemia 25/999 vs 17/20, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The techniques to protect parathyroid glands in situ are effective measure to prevent the postoperative hypoparathyroidism in total thyroidectomy.</p>

Conservative therapy in the treatment of cervical chylous leakage / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore and evaluate the combined conservative managements in the treatment of cervical chylous leakage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty nine cases of cervical chylous leakage from June 1992 to June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed in this hospital. All of the 39 cases were cured by treating with conservative individualized therapy, including the applying of diet with high calorie, high protein and low fat and fatty food should only contains medium-chain triglycerides, total parenteral nutrition, keep the balance of hydrogen and electrolyte and correct hypoproteinemia, local pressure dressing, high persistent vacuum drainage (-50 approximately -80 kPa) and/or somatostatin analogue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cases of chylous leakage happened 2nd to 5th days after the operation. Among the 39 cases, 7 were high flow (drainage>or=500 ml/d) chylous leakage, the amount of drainage reached as high as 1440 ml per day. The time of chylous leakage closure was 3 approximately 12 days, and the mean time was 7 days. No one experienced re-operation, wound hydrops or wound infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The conservative individualized therapy may play a key role in the treatment of cervical chylous leakage.</p>

To study the effect of oral mucosa cell transfected with IFN-gamma recover denuded hard palate to the growth of maxilla / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of oral mucosa cell transfected with IFN-gamma recover denuded hard palate to the growth of maxilla in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Divide 3-week-age 80 female rats with left denuded hard palate into 4 groups randomly, depends on different methods recovered the denuded hard palate, granulation tissue growing itselves (I), transplanting amnion (II), transplanting oral mucous cell loaded by amnion (III), or oral mucous cell transfected with IFN-gamma (IV), 20 rats in one group. After 9 weeks, measure the width of left hard palate and the right, and analyse the width of hard palate by different methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The antisymmetry rate of hard palate width of groups I, II, III and IV are (68.64 +/- 9.03)%, (58.53 +/- 7.40)%, (53.12 +/- 4.92)% and (52.25 +/- 4.61)%, statistical analysis through SNK of SPSS 11.0 show group I is different from groups II, III, IV (P < 0.05), group II is different from groups III, IV (P < 0.05), but group III is not different from group IV (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It has energetic significance to prevent maxillary secondary deformity with amnion and tissue-engineered oral mucosa recover denuded hard palate, the tissue-engineered oral mucosa is better than amnion, the tissue-engineered oral mucosa transfected with IFN-gamma is better than not transfected.</p>

The influence to maxillary growth by exposed bone wound in hard palate of rat / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To confirm if denuded bone on lateral aspects of the hard palate of surgical repairs of the cleft palate is the main reason of causing disturbance of facial growth and to investigate the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>48 SD rats were employed in the study. Among them 40 animals were divided into normal control and experimental group randomly. Normal control was not operated. Hard palate mucoperiosteum on the left side in experimental group were excised. Left hard palate mucoperiosteum in another 8 female three-week-old SD rats were excised with same method and were sacrificed at 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 12th day, respectively. The 8 rats were used for histological research.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The width of all left sides hard palates in experimental group was significantly narrower than right side, and demonstrated statistical difference. Chronic osteomyelitis on the denuded hard palate was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The denuded bone wound might be a principal factor for the following maxillary growth deformity in cleft palate patients who received palatoplasty in childhood. The mechanism of causing the deformity might be wound and scar contraction, decreased blood flow and nutrition plus chronic osteomyelitis.</p>

Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 antisense vector on proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cells / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To transfect antisense vector of human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene into COX-2 highly expressing cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 and explore its biological activities and role in carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>QBC939 cells were transfected with antisense vector of human COX-2 gene using LipoVec transfecting technique. Transfected cells were selected with G418; COX-2 mRNA was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and COX-2 protein expression was detected by immunocytochemistry using isozyme selective antibodies. The proliferative status of transfected cells was measured by using methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay; Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by using flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RT-PCR showed a lower COX-2 mRNA level in antisense vector transfected cells and immunocytochemistry showed a weaker COX-2 protein expression in antisense vector transfected cells. The antisense vector transfected cells proliferative index decreased significantly (P < 0.01), the percentage of S phase decreased remarkably (P < 0.05) in antisense vector transfected cells (9.27% +/- 1.91%) compared with that in QBC939 cells without transfection(16.35% +/- 2.87%), and the percentage of G0/G1 phase increased remarkably (P < 0.05) in antisense vector transfected cells (75.16% +/- 4.13%) compared with that in QBC939 cells without transfection (57.31% +/- 10.16%). Transfection with antisense vector of human COX-2 gene had no significant influence on the apoptosis in QBC939 cells (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transfection with antisense vector of human COX-2 gene could inhibit the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells.</p>